Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors are considered to be a viable technology for the treatment of wastewater. These systems utilize membranes to remove pollutants from agricultural wastewater streams, offering several benefits. A detailed performance evaluation of PVDF membrane bioreactors is essential to determine their efficienc

Nanobubbles, intriguing structures with unique physicochemical attributes, have garnered significant attention in recent times. These microscopic voids of gas enclosed within a liquid exhibit exceptional stability and affect various phenomena in diverse domains. Generating and analyzing nanobubbles remains a demanding endeavor, requiring sophistica